COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DAYLIGHT TIME LOSSES AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY LOSSES WHEN TRANSITIONING TO PERMANENT WINTER OR SUMMER TIME

Abstract

Recently, the discussion on the feasibility of the annual transition to summer and winter time has significantly intensified in the society of many countries in the world. Considering a certain discomfort from daylight-saving, the most people suggest to abandon it. But there is no final reasoned decision on permanent time: winter (zone, standard) or summer time. Daylight-saving was introduced to save electricity, but currently there are no accurate calculations to confirm it. The article is devoted to solving the urgent problem of determining the most effective order of calculating time for more complete use of sunlight and, accordingly, to reduce the electrical energy losses for lighting in the life of modern world society. The purpose of the study is to develop a technique for precise calculating the lost daylight hours and electrical energy losses for lighting in different countries of the world under different time calculation scenarios – when applying the  transition to summer time; when refusing summer time and final introducing winter (zone, standard) time; when applying permanent summer time. The article presents the main arguments of supporters and opponents of the introduction of permanent winter and summer time. The calculation and comparative analysis of the losses of daylight hours and, as a result, the losses of electrical energy for lighting per year have been carried out under different time calculation options. The approximate cost of electrical energy losses for lighting under different time calculation options for some European countries has been calculated. To increase the accuracy of the calculations, the sociological aspect of the study was considered in combination with the astronomical one. The developed technique is recommended to be used in calculations when determining the optimal order of time calculation in different countries of the world for its introduction at the international or national legislative level.The application of the technique will allow saving significant quantity of electricity during the evening peak energy consumption, that will contribute to the stability of the country's energy system and preservation of the fuel and financial resources. References 19, figures 7, tables 6.