POSSIBILITIES AND PERSPECTIVES OF THE CONSUMERS-REGULATORS APPLICATION IN SYSTEMS OF FREQUENCY AND POWER AUTOMATIC REGULATION

Abstract

The Integrated Energy System (IES) of Ukraine functions as part of the European Union (EU) electric power system ENTSO-E. Each country whose IES operates in the ENTSO-E structure must ensure the presence of a full-fledged frequency and power automatic control system (AFPCS, AFPC system) in the national IES. The only exception is the IES of Ukraine, because its inclusion in the ENTSO-E happened during martial law and in the absence herewith of a full-fledged AFPC system. It violates the cornerstone requirements of the ENTSO-E structure formation. In the post-war period, the IES of Ukraine will be obliged to complete its own, full-fledged AFPCS as soon as possible. Three structures of the AFPC system development  of the Ukrainian IES were studied: according to the traditional principle (on the basis of generators-regulators); on the basis of heat consumers-regulators with the involvement of heat pump installations and  on the basis of heat consumers-regulators using electric heat generators that provide energy for the centralized heat supply system. Calculations and analysis of technical and economic indicators showed that the traditional structure of AFPCS extremely loses to both structures built on consumers-regulators. Significantly better of these two systems is the AFPCS, built on consumers-regulators in the form of electric heat generators. It provides an annual net profit of more than 1.8 billion USD, with a payback period of about 0.5 years, reduces by 2.7 billion m³ of natural gas consumption, reduces by 13.9 billion USD  needs capital investment, has short construction deadlines. References 20, tables 5.